Cancer Treatment Essays (1804 words) - RTT, Ribbon Symbolism

Malignancy Treatment There are numerous approaches to treat malignancy. Truth be told, when you enter disease medicines into any internet browser you will discover a large number of sites on how to treat malignant growth. A few instances of these medicines are chemotherapy, oxygen treatment, nutrient D treatment, food treatment, immunotherapy, and numerous others. Specific sorts of treatments go with particular kinds of tumors. For instance, nutrient D treatment goes with bosom malignant growth and immunotherapy goes with colon malignant growth. Malignancy has ended the lives of a large number of individuals and I trust it is imperative to educate individuals regarding what medicines are flowing in the clinical calling. The human genome's task will probably guide and succession the many a large number of qualities that make up the human genome (Johnson 222). The venture is supported together by the National Institutes of Health and the Department of Vitality and has a normal expense of 3 billion dollars (Johnson 222). The venture makes hereditary ailments its core interest. More than 500,000 individuals kick the bucket every year as a result of disease (Johnson 222). The genome venture will have the option to distinguish unsafe inherited qualities, for example, malignant growth and dispense with them. Subsequently, malignant growth can be forestalled and individuals will live more. Oxygen treatment utilizes the way that the disease infection is anaerobic (Gallcci 2). This implies is that malignant growth can as it were live through the nonattendance of oxygen. There have been numerous disease patients who have been restored by oxygen treatment (Gallcci 2). Truly, introduction to oxygen will slaughter most malignant growths totally (Gallcci 3). In 1931 Dr. Otto Warburg was granted the Nobel Prize for Medicine for his revelation that the reason for malignant growth is an absence of oxygen at the cell level (Gallcci 2). Researchers have separated air from bubbles safeguarded in fossilized golden; when that air was investigated it contained 38 percent oxygen (Gallcci 3). This is significant since the air which we inhale right now has a normal oxygen substance of 21 percent or less (Gallcci 3). A person can't get by at 7 percent oxygen or on the other hand lower. A methodology used to build the degree of oxygen in the body is the utilization of hydrogen peroxide or H202 (Gallcci 3). At the point when hydrogen peroxide is added to the body, the H202 changes into H20 and oxygen (Gallcci 4). The oxygen particle at that point appends to a cell, and levels of oxygen go up right away. Just food grade hydrogen peroxide can be utilized. At that point once it has been weakened it tends to be given intravenously, consumed through the skin, or ingested (Gallcci 4). Your primary care physician won't educate you regarding this procedure; that is, an American specialist won't. One reason is that there is no money impetus for the clinical business to advance it. In different nations, for example, Germany, Russia, and Cuba it will cost around ten U.S. dollars (Gallcci 4). Nutrient D treatment can bring down the danger of getting bosom malignant growth up to 30% (Smith 16). An examination on almost 5,000 ladies saw this as valid. Correspondingly, ladies who lived in radiant atmospheres had a much lower danger of getting bosom malignancy (Smith 16). The response to this marvel is nutrient D, which is created by the skin when it is presented to daylight. For the full treatment to produce results specialists prescribe introduction to coordinate daylight for about 10 to 15 minutes (Smith 17). There is a fix recipe for organ tumors. Malignant growth is brought about by a specific parasite (Beckwith 2). It takes 60 days to kill the parasites which cause organ disease (Beckwith 3). When the disease is slaughtered it can take up to 180 days to come back to ordinary wellbeing (Beckwith 2). Proof for this parasite has been revealed in each sort of malignant growth known to man (Beckwith 3). More than 100 instances of organ malignancy were relieved utilizing this home grown recipe (Beckwith 2). This natural strategy for relieving malignant growths isn't bolstered at all by United States specialists for two or three reasons. For one, the specialists of this home grown treatment ignore logical realities. They don't accept that lung malignant growth is brought about by smoking, colon disease is brought about by a low roughage diet, retinal blastoma is brought about by an uncommon heritited quality, and pancreatic malignant growth is brought about by liquor utilization (Beckwith 4). Additionally, a significant number of the individuals which have gone on these home grown eating regimens have kicked the bucket. In this way, there is an a lot higher possibility of somebody biting the dust from utilizing the home grown treatment than having their malignancy restored by it. This current treatment's adequacy additionally fluctuates on the individual's

Corporate Social Responsibility and Climatic Change Essay

Corporate Social Responsibility and Climatic Change - Essay Example The impacts of environmental change are disturbing business activities and transportation, for instance, in the UK; high-sided vehicles are progressively in danger of mishaps from floods and powerful breezes. Such interruptions have the impact of diminishing client request and buying power (Dudek and Wiener 1996, Romm 1999), as items and administrations become less accessible because of flighty flexibly. These interruptions additionally confine the capacity of the business to develop, as the business incomes will be lacking to create benefit for venture purposes. Environmental change hence represents a hazard to organizations, and the onus is on reconsidering corporate social obligation in an offer to pick up efficiencies, and to diminish the organizations commitment to the environmental change issue. Environmental change is ordinarily connected with mechanical manufacturing plants producing smoke from cooling towers, be that as it may, non-modern associations add to environmental change through their carbon and nursery outflows created by their tasks and item/administration lifecycle (Grubb 1989, Cantwell 1995, ICTSD 2005). While this speaks to a component of progress and vulnerability, environmental change-centered corporate activities can have benefits for the association in the method of new items and new markets (Mendelsohn 2000, Richards 2001, Lawrence 2002, Jochem and Madlener 2003). Environmental change techniques are likewise seen as hazardous because of the huge scope, sustainable power source ventures that are related with diminishing the carbon impression (McCarthy et al 2001, Egenhofer et al 2004). For example, if petroleum derivatives ran out, Shell, BP and other enormous fuel suppliers would need to put huge sums in options, which BP has begun doing with its Autogas despite the fact that it isn't generally accessible. The vehicle business likewise adds to environmental change and a dangerous atmospheric devation through vehicle outflows and organizations in this area are starting to pay heed, and tolerating duty regarding the part they play. For example, in September 2006, Sir Richard Branson, organizer of the Virgin Group gave three billion dollars more than ten years from his association to support the advancement of low carbon vitality sources, for example, wind turbines, cleaner avionics fuel and ethanol (BSR 2006). This exhibits the degrees of responsibility anticipated from organizations, and Virgin have recognized their job particularly as they run train administrations and flights that add to an Earth-wide temperature boost. Corporate social duty in United States is currently perceived as the fifth biggest funding venture class after biotechnology, programming, clinical and broadcast communications (CSM 2001, Raynard and Forstater 2002). The market for clean innovation is set to extend and is as of now worth an expected $40 billion (Raynard and Forstater 2002). This isn't astounding thinking about that the United States is answerable for a critical extent of worldwide discharges. This is likewise illustrative of the expanding business sector and client attention to their condition, and organizations in this district are as of now gaining by this. This additionally exhibits organizations are receiving methodologies that are activity and adjustment arranged to concentrate on the vitality proficiency angles and sustainable power source sourcing (Burton 1996, Adger 2003, Hertin et al 2003, Berkhout et al

Can a Payday Loan Be Good For Your Credit Rating

Can a Payday Loan Be Good For Your Credit Rating Can a Payday Loan Be Good For Your Credit Rating? Can a Payday Loan Be Good For Your Credit Rating?While a payday loan isnt going to help your credit score, failing to pay one back can still hurt it.Your credit score is probably the most important three-digit number in your life. Not only does it determine the rates you’ll pay on your loans and credit cards, it can even determine whether you get approved for said loans or cards in the first place.Now, if you have a bad credit score, you’ll probably be stuck relying on bad credit loans and payday loans whenever you need to borrow money. Some of these loans can be a good option for emergency cash, but most of them are not.Aside from their  high interest rates and lump-sum repayment termsâ€"which can make them very difficult to repayâ€"payday loans have a third mark against them. Unlike a regular loan or credit card, paying one back one time will not help your credit score. In fact, taking out a payday loan can only ever hurt your score. Here’s whyCredit scores sum up your histor y as a borrower.  Your credit score is a number used by potential lenders and business partners (like landlords) to determine your trustworthiness as a borrower. The score is based on information from your credit reports, which are documents that track your history as a borrower over the past seven to 10 years. Credit reports are compiled by the three major credit bureaus: Experian, TransUnion, and Equifax.While there are several different types of credit scores, the most important version is your FICO score, which is created by the FICO corporation. FICO scores are ranked on a scale from 300 to 850, with 300 being the worst score and 850 being the best. Generally, a score of 720 or above is considered great credit, while a score of 630 or below is considered bad credit.While the specific algorithm used to create FICO scores is kept secret, FICO has announced that your score is made up of five different categories of information: payment history, amounts owed, length of credit histo ry, credit mix, and new credit inquiries. To learn more about each category, check out the rest of our Know Your Credit Score blog series:Credit ScoresPayment HistoryAmounts OwedLength of Credit HistoryTypes of Credit UsedRecent Credit InquiriesThe most important category is your payment history; it makes up 35 percent of your total score. This category tracks your history of paying your bills on time. And when it comes to payday loans, payment history is the category where they doâ€"or rather don’tâ€"come into play.Payday loans come with high rates and no credit check.Payday loans are a type of small-dollar loan aimed at people with very poor credit scores. They are designed to be repaid on the borrower’s next payday (hence the name), which means they have very short repayment terms, usually two weeks or less.Payday loans have interest rates that can seem reasonable compared to other personal loans but are actually much higher than they appear. For instance, a two-week loan wit h a 15 percent interest charge doesn’t seem to bad, but it actually carries an APR over 390 percent!If payday loans were easy to pay off on time, then their cost wouldn’t be all that bad. However, studies have found that most payday loan customers have a great deal of trouble paying their loans off by the original due date. Part of this is due to lump-sum repayment, which means that the borrower has to pay the loan back all at once instead of in small, manageable increments.Payday lenders do not perform a credit check on their customers before lending to them. This can make their loansâ€"also sometimes referred to as “cash advance” loansâ€"very appealing to people with bad credit scores. But no credit check comes with a hidden downside.Payday loans don’t check your creditâ€"or report your payments.With no credit check loans like payday and title loans, it helps to think of credit reporting as a two-way street. These lenders do not run credit checks, but they do not report any information to the credit bureaus either.Your credit score depends on the information that’s in your credit reports, and the credit bureaus depend on lenders, landlords, utility providers, etc. reporting your payment information to them. So when it comes to your credit report, a loan from a payday lender might as well not exist.Earlier in this post, we mentioned that your credit score is the most important factor in your credit score. If you have a bad credit score, it’s probably because you have multiple late or missed payments on your credit report.This is why one of the best ways to repair your credit history and raise your FICO score is to start making all your payments on time. But if you take out a payday loan, it won’t matter at all. Since that payment information won’t get reported to the credit bureaus, there is no way that a payday loan will be able to help your credit score.A payday loan can’t help your score, but it can still hurt it.That doesn’t sound fa ir, right? And you’re correct! It isn’t fair. But it’s still true. Payday lenders do not report payments to the credit bureaus, which means that their loans cannot help your credit. However, failing to pay back your payday loan is a different story altogether.When you don’t pay back a lender, most of them will get rid of the debt by selling it to a collections agency and then writing it off. The same is true for payday lenders. The debt collectors that purchase your loan then try to contact you and get you to pay them back.And while payday lenders don’t report to the credit bureaus, debt collectors sure do. So that unpaid payday loan will get added to your credit report as a collection notice, which can dramatically hurt your score.Find a bad credit lender that reports  to the credit bureaus.If you have bad credit and need a loan, you’re better off sticking with an installment loan that, at the very least, gives you a chance to build your credit score. Some bad credit le nders, including OppLoans, perform a soft credit check when you apply. Soft credit checks don’t affect your credit score, so there’s no harm if your online loan application is rejected.Another good option is a secured credit card. Unlike regular cards, these are available to people with poor credit scores and are secured by a cash deposit that also serves to set your credit limit. These companies also report to the credit bureaus, so using your card responsiblyâ€" keeping your balances under 30 percent and paying them off every monthâ€"will help your score.To learn more about ways you can improve your credit score, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:An Apple a Day Keeps the Bad Credit AwayWant to Raise Your Credit Score by 50 Points? Here Are 4 Great TipsBad Credit Repair: When to Close a Credit Card and When to Keep It OpenHas an unpaid payday loan ever hurt your credit rating?  We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.

Organizational Culture And Leadership Styles Essay

Assessment II Introduction In this essay, the organisation culture and leadership styles are discussed that would be appropriate for the drug rehabilitation centre. Modes of communication appropriate to the chosen organisation and workplace stress management and strategies are also discussed. This service employs 20 rehabilitation officers. Below is a hierarchical chart of the Drug rehabilitation service. The formal authority structures required in the Drug Rehabilitation Service include Board of directors, Chief executive and Managers. The board of directors are responsible for designing the overall strategy and direction of the organisation. The chief executive is responsible for making upper level management decisions on behalf of the board of directors. The managers are responsible for putting the strategies of the Drug Rehabilitation Service into action by through training the officers in accordance with these strategies. The officers are responsible for day to day activities and tasks including identifyi ng new bail applicants with drug problems and encouraging them to join a rehabilitation program. These officers are responsible for intervening and assessing the offender to rehabilitate them. Organizational Culture Organisational culture refers to the behaviours of people at work, their shared beliefs and values. Schein (1992, p.12) describes this as a set pattern of assumptions that a team shares as they learn working together over a period of time. OrganisationsShow MoreRelatedEthical Leadership Styles As Tools For Influencing Organizational Culture751 Words   |  4 Pagesethical leadership styles as tools for influencing organizational culture while respecting the diversity of cultures embodied by employees. 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Research into the influences of management on corporate culture include insights from a variety of fields to include business, economics, politics, psychology, and sociology. This review examines the literature on organization designRead MoreTransformational Leaders : Organizational Values, Aspirations, And Ethical Measurement1428 Words   |  6 PagesTransformational leaders set the organizational values, aspirations, and ethical measurements required. Additionally, the result of the transformational leader concerns them with creating growth of the follower. Developing the followers into leaders through coaching, directing, and raising their awareness levels to know or expect the unexpected and the overall issues of consequences. This development builds a collective future through the shared values of the leade rship and the followership. The developments

Nursing, Medical and Paramedical Fields - 598 Words

A Report on Nursing and Physics Nursing is a profession, belongs to members of health care team and cover vast area of science. The health care team involve the doctors, nurses, para medical staff. The whole team provide the essential care to patient, but the nurses provide the holistic nursing care to patient, and educate the patient. The nursing profession disciplines are different from other medical and paramedical discipline. The discipline of nursing is more complex based on theory, practice and research. By follow these disciplines nurses provide holistic nursing care, and the goal of nurses is the prevention of illness and maintenance of health of patients (Huda, K. Gall, O. 1994, p. 315). The other different subject is physics which has contribution in nursing but not directly relates to the nursing. The disciplines in physics are the experimental and the theoretical. The results of physics affect the different fields. Firstly, discuss the theoretical aspect of both nursing and physics. Secondly, the prac tices in both field, thirdly experimental and research in both field. The theory in nursing play vital role, the procedure related to nursing based on this theory. The theory is fixed that provide the knowledge, assist nursing students to understand the nursing procedures, also helps to follow the code of ethics and standards. Futhermore theory helps in making plan for patient care based on nursing diagnosis (Parker, M.E. 2001, pp. 4-6). However the physics hasShow MoreRelatedI Am Born With Multiple Birth Defects, Including A Cleft Palate1670 Words   |  7 Pagesincluding a cleft palate. These defects required me to need several surgeries throughout my childhood. This experience introduced me to the medical field early on and started my passion for pursuing a career in the discipline. I came to University of South Florida as a pre-nursing student in the hopes of making in to the nursing program. 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Cell Transport Lab Free Essays

â€Å"Cell Transport Lab† Hypothesis: I hypothesis that there will be a movement of molecules out of the egg, and will move into the water solution. Osmosis will occur within the egg, and in the process the molecules of the egg will diffuse. Time (hrs)| Observations| Circumference (cm)| 0| * Egg is of normal weight and size * No membrane is being shown, and is almost perfect| * 14 centimeters| * 24| * Egg has gotten larger taking in some of the water * Shell is soft | * 15 centimeters| * 48| * It larger now than before, opaque in appearance * Firm to touch| * 16 centimeter| * 72| * Transparent almost see through, fluid inside is visible * It has become even more firm and hard| * 17 centimeters| Conclusion: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Cell Transport Lab or any similar topic only for you Order Now The egg changed exactly three centimeters in size from 14 centimeter, to 17 centimeters. 2. Yes my hypothesis was correct, osmosis occurred and the molecules in the egg transferred and in a result the egg took in water. 3. The type of transport that will occur within the egg will be osmosis. Displacement occurred within the egg, when water was taken in within the egg. 4. The liquid goes through the membranes of lettuce or spinach cells and surges the overall firmness of the leaves. 5. What I think will happen to the egg if you put it in syrup, would be that the egg will egg deflate a little from the humongous state and go back to normal. Maybe the water will come out from the egg and go within the syrup somehow. How to cite Cell Transport Lab, Papers

Semco Pumping Success Case Study free essay sample

Conclusion 1. Classical school of management3 1. 1 The Classical Scientific School4 1. 2 Conclusion6 1. 3 The classical administrative school6 1. 4 Conclusion8 2. â€Å"Motivation Theories and SEMCO†8 2. 1 â€Å"McGregor’s theory X and Theory Y†8 2. 2 Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory11 2. 3 Conclusion12 3. Discuss the Concept of Empowerment and Its Relevance to SEMCO13 3. 1 The concept of empowerment13 3. 2 Empowerments Relevance to SEMCO15 3. 3 Conclusion17 4. Centaur Technologies INC Its Success/Failure17 4. 1 introduction17 4. 2 Reason which lead to the success of Centaur Company19 4. Reason that might lead to the failure of the centaur company20 5. Reference22 1. Classical school of management The classical school of management has developed the first formal management theory. This theory was been build up during the Industrial Revolution, the employers and managers had no idea how to provide the training to the workers or the way to decreased labour d issatisfaction. (Cliffs Notes. com, 2000-2011) The company works by itself, it insists to separate from the labour. The classical management theory was invented during this era of revolution to solve new problems which were related to the factory. We will write a custom essay sample on Semco Pumping Success Case Study or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to the result, the classical school of management theory was a good solution which was developed from their hard-work of thoughts to look for the â€Å"one best way† to perform and manage tasks. † (Patrick Bruce, Pg. 11 2000) SEMCO achieved its success without the leadership of a charismatic CEO. From my understanding, SEMCO’s management is differing to the classical school of management. There are two different types of the classical school of management which are The Classical Scientific School and The Administrative School. Each theory describes its own principle of management, in short the classical scientific management theory help focused on the productivity of individuals where in administrative management theory concentrates on the overall organization. Here by, we critically evaluate the SEMCO company depend on classical school of management. 1. 1 The Classical Scientific School The classical scientific school theory described the best way to increase productivity and efficiency by discussing the procedure of work process and the training skill for the employees. Judith, Pg. 148; 2008) The classical scientific school theory was developed through the thoughts contributed by Frederick Taylor, Henry Gantt, and frank and Lilian Gilbreth. (Cliffs Notes. com, 2000-2011) SEMCO used freedom as their philosophy which means there is no CEO, no traditional organizational hierarchy for decision making, and to encourage their employees to be more productive and efficient. In classical scientific school theory â€Å"Taylor believed that organization should study tasks and develop precise procedures. † (Cliffs Notes. om, 2000-2011) In SEMCO, the employees decide through themselves about their work task, procedures to complete task and their salaries. The basic idea of the scientific management theory was being developed which was followed by the following principles. Developing standard method: the scientific management theory explains to develop the new standard methods for doing each task with the organization. The new standard methods help the organization in ensuring the task is carried out in appropriate way and there is a highest level of productivity through an every worker performing a task. In SEMCO there is no such standard method or procedure design to perform any task, worker in the company complete the task the way they want. Selecting, training and developing workers: this theory also explains that the organization needs to select, train and develop the employees instead of allowing them to choose their own task and train themselves for that particular task. SEMCO company works on a philosophy which is freedom, where in the employees are allowed to choose their own task to complete and train themselves which motivates them on a regular basis. Developing a spirit of corporation: this is another principle of the scientific management theory which explains that spirit of cooperation should be developed between workers and management that will ensure the work is carried out in accordance with designed procedure. In SEMCO the employees have the responsibility to choose and complete the task in the way they want, so as per their freedom policy they feel there was more cooperation between both. 1. 2 Conclusion If the scientific management theory was being implemented by the SEMCO Company they might had a possibilities of highest productivity from every individual as compared to that. 1. 3 The classical administrative school The classical administrative management theory describes and emphasize on developing the managerial principles rather than work methods. (Tony; Pg. 49; 1986) The administrative approach in this theory concentrates on the overall organization. The classical administrative theory was being developed through the thoughts contributed by Max Weber, Henri Fayol, Mary Parker Follett and Chester I Barnard. Reference for business, 2011) The importance of understanding about how an organization operates and the flow of information was been studied by the above people which helps them to develop the theory of classical administrative. This theory explains that an organization should have the formal hierarchy and general guidelines that will organize the department and manage the s taff. At SEMCO it was different the organization worked on a freedom philosophy which means there wasn’t any formal hierarchy nor a proper guideline to carry out the task. The basic idea of the administrative school was been developed of the following principles. Division of work: division of work and procedure of specializing help produces better and more work with the same effort. In the SEMCO it’s left up to employee to choose the work or the task they want to complete and train them. Authority and responsibility: every organization should be formally structure in order to be managed and organized. Authority is a right and power given to an exact obedience to give orders that will ensure the completion of task in a described manner. The authority to a person should be based on individual personality, intelligence and experience. In SEMCO there is no such authority every employee is responsible for their own task they choose to complete. Unity of command: orders should be imposed by only one superior to an employee who will ensure the staff is organized and also reduces the miss-confusion. The SEMCO doesn’t have a formal hierarchy and it work on freedom philosophy so unity of command is meaningless. Remuneration of personnel: this refers to the salaries of employee which should be fair and satisfy both employer and employee. The salary to a labour should always be decided by the employer which should be fair in the environment. In SEMCO this is totally opposite; the employees decide the rate of pay between themselves and employer agree. 1. 4 Conclusion If the classical administrative school theory was been implemented by the SEMCO Company they might be possibilities of having the control over expenses and highly organized staff in the organization. 2. â€Å"Motivation Theories and SEMCO† 2. 1 â€Å"McGregor’s theory X and Theory Y† Motivation is an important part of human resources. It is used in the organization to arouses staff‘s desire to direct their behaviors and pay effort into organization’s activities, thus achieve organizational goals. A successful motivation will arouse staff’s passion to promote their working motivation more strongly which can be very helpful to produce working efficiency and benefit the organizations (Bloisi, 2003). In a number of motivation theories, â€Å"McGregor’s theory X and theory Y† (McGregor, 1966) and â€Å"Expectancy theory† (Vroom, 1996) these two theories suit to evaluate SEMCOS Company Douglas McGregor suggested that this theory is two different ways to managing people. The X theory was the more popular one been used by many organizations, but usually get the poor results. Enlightened organizations choose the theory Y, which help them get success. Because of X theory and Y theory are totally two different theories. Managers  who  choose  Theory  X  believe  that (McGregor, 1966): 2. 1. 1  Most people are lazy, they avoid to work as much as possible. Work is a burden for them, no enjoyment at all. 2. 1. 2  Most people have no ambition, do not like to take any responsibility. They lack self-confidence, personal safety to see very important. 2. 1. 3  Most people are satisfied by physiological needs and security needs, so they only choose the easy way to get the most profitable thing to do, and they can’t see the long-term profit. â€Å"Theory  Y  Assumes  that† (McGregor, 1966): . 1. 4  Ã¢â‚¬Å"People  seek  responsibility  and  have  the  capacity  to  direct  and  control  organizational  tasks  if  they  are  committed  to  the  objectives. † 2. 1. 5  Ã¢â‚¬Å"People  by  nature  are  not  passive  or  indifferent  to  organiza tional  needs,  for  work  is  as  natural  as  rest  or  play. † 2. 1. 6  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Employees  at  all  levels  have  the  ability  to  be  creative  and  use ingenuity  in  solving  organizational  problems. † SEMCO just use the Y theory to inspirit their employees. Everyone in SEMCO Company has opportunity to be successful, if you want to get more pay, promotion or personal goals, these all decide by themselves. There no CEO, no management, so people don’t have restriction. People know what they needs and they can use any resources in the organization to make them be competed. The employees’ objectives are the SEMCO’s objectives. Semler said they don’t have any marketing plans in ten years, all the strategies plans from their employees who has opportunity or relation any markets. SEMCO provide resources to help them to get fruition. SEMCO Company knows how to motivate their employees to exert their entrepreneurship and engagement maximally. It illustrated SEMCO has the same objective with their employees, thus employees willing to take the responsibility and positive get tasks to be done. SEMCO Company has transparent pay,everyone knows how much pay the other people make, because how much pay they can get decide by how much value they can make for their company. SEMCO encourage their employees to focus on improving a project, a new project, a cost reduction plan, a new business strategy. Every member in this organization can get 23% profit from their business unit’s profits per quarter. Actually how many percent profit pay also they can get depends by how big achievement they received. In these ways, employees are motivated to improve themselves to be more capable, thus attain the purpose. 2. 2 Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory is one of motivation theories. It based on three factors, explain three relationships between people’s needs and objectives. Organizations use the expectancy theory to prompt their employees to understand that: work can provide their needs, their work is connected with performance and they can improve their performance by work (Vroom, 1996). Three relationships of Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory as follow (Arnold, 1981): 2. 2. 1 EffortsPerformance: People always expect that they can achieve a desired objective by their efforts. If they think there is a high probability to achieve the objectives, they will be confidence and inspired to improve their working efficiency. 2. 2. 2 PerformanceReward: People expect that they can get reward as a return from performance. Of course the reward is multifarious,it includes material rewards and spiritual rewards. If they can get what they expected, it will bring more passion for working. . 2. 3 Reward personal objective needs: People always expect to obtain a reward which can satisfy their needs. However the differences between people age, gender, qualifications, social status and economic conditions, the requirements level of their needs are also different. So organizations can’t use one motivation to satisfy them in different levels of needs. SEMCO Company is a succes sful case to prove Victor Vroom’s expectancy theory. Employees can choose the project which they are interested or have an advantage of. If they achieve a success in this project, would get a promotion or more share pay from the profit of the project. 2. 3 Conclusion The X theory believes all the people are passive. But giving people too many regulations, it would make them more negative. It has already been proved by many examples. In SEMCO Company case, Y theory has been used very mature and successful. People are motivated by higher–order growth needs, thus affect their behaviors. Also the expectancy theory is used to evaluate employees’ expectancy in working, thus motivate their employees to achieve organizations’ goal (Vrllere, 1990). . Discuss the Concept of Empowerment and Its Relevance to SEMCO 3. 1 The concept of empowerment Although the normal movement toward the less mechanistic structure and the role of top managements as facilitators, it appears to be some reluctance between top managements to reduce hierarchical control. A UK economy researcher said that there existed some new ideas about management. The concept of empowerment can attract employees, some top managers still like maintaining control over the destiny, role and responsibility of other person. Beneath the trappings of the facilitate-and-empower philosophy the command-and-control system often lives on(Ezzamel, K. , 1993). But, when people are discussing about leadership and management, Gretton said that:Todays leaders understand that you have to give up control to get results. Thats what all the talk of empowerment is about(Gretton, 1995). In general ideas empowerment is explained to allow employees enough freedom and control themselves in their working time and in charge of their decisions. However, there are a lot of different meanings in the literature for empowerment. Empowerment is not independent concept. It should be linked with some concepts like coping skills, personal efficacy, support system, community organization, mutual support, self esteem, and self sufficiency(Keffer,1984). The concept empowerment came from Latin potere that means to be able. Linguistically, the verb word empower was defined to give power or permit, freedom, and so on by an American language organization. This organization defined suffix ment meaning of result. Sociologically, the concept of empowerment is used to improve influences of social organizations and groups. The empowerment is defined as a world outlook which has a method to solve social problems and social policies and support good service. Solomon defined empowerment as a method of social activity. In the social psychology, empowerment means the development of people. And it also means top management, values and personal effort. Empowerment is inherent for people. Browne said managers can use the concept of empowerment to improve employees abilities for work. In addition, Simmons and Persons referred to people can control their environment by empowerment. Empowerment has an influence on the person. The concept empowerment is not univocal nor absolute because of there exist some connections with the individual. It is quite difficult to define a specific meaning for empowerment. The reason is that the concept of empowerment always change. Empowerment broke the rules that rely on situation. There is a certain connection between people and social environment. Of course, there should be a system for understanding empowerment. There are a lot of views about the concept. It cares about solutions not problems. It emphasized peoples human right and ability. 3. Empowerments Relevance to SEMCO An example of full empowerment is when self-directed teams are given the power to hire, discipline, and dismiss team members and to set compensation rates(Richard L. , 2007). In the modern organizations, just a few organizations have moved to full empowerment. For example, SEMCO, a $160 million and about 3000 employees South American manufacturing company. SEMCO S. A. was a traditional managed indus trial firm when it was founded by Semler in 1912. Today Ricardo Semler, president CEO of SEMCO Company, has his unique leadership style. He redefined the concept of empowerment. At 20 years old, he graduated from Harvard Business School as the youngest. He was known for championing his employee’s lovely management style all over the world. At SEMCO, Ricardo Semler allows employees to choose job, what, where and when they want to do. And even how much they want to get paid for the job. Workers can decide the number of products and when is the best time to work. Workers can design products and their working environment. Except these, employees also can make the marketing plan of the company. Managers run business with freedom, and decide companys marketing strategy without interposition of CEO and high management. All departments can build its own salary standard. The finance department of SEMCO discussed financial information total openly. There are some special things. For example, there is reception desk but nobody sitting there. There is no dining room and managers no secretaries. There is also no public place for staff and no parking place. In the SEMCO Company employees and managers make a decision together, not just the top management. The first undertaking of SEMCO is to give up traditional rules. Ricardo Semler dismissed nine layers and decreased the corporate employee by more than 75%. In the SEMCO no policy is the basic policy. For example, employees can go to travel anytime because there is not travel restriction at SEMCO. Actually, there is no rules and managers in the SEMCO. Employees manage themselves and self-governing. SEMCO has flex-time scheduling for employees. Employees work in the different time and in the different way. People can choose any time of day. Normally, people come to work at 9 oclock and work 8 or 9 hours every day. Actually, it is impossible that people work all the time during 8 or 9 hours. Sometimes your work just need few hours and the rest time you break or do some private things. Because of concept of empowerment SEMCO allowed employees to choose their working time. It can improve work efficiency and save time. Semler hopes that everyone can feel well for their working place. There is no unified dress, you can dress what you want. Employees can choose the uniforms design and style if they want. 3. 3 Conclusion SEMCO uses empowerment concept to manage its employees since its inception and achieve great success. Employees can do all things personally. SEMCO shares all information with employees and gives enough freedom to everyone, but it does not mean to break rules. That means supply a chance for employees to work better and better. 4. Centaur Technologies INC Its Success/Failure 4. 1 introduction In 1995, Mr. ‘Glenn Henry’ launched a company named centaur technologies INC in the city of central Texas. The company design and produces the high performance, low cost x-86 compatible processors. The company has no organizational hierarchy in operation, there are no managers, the employee’s reports to the founder and president of the company Mr. ‘Glenn Henry’. The company’s president intention was to reduce the gap between intellectual and physical work within an organization, so that employees feel much closer to the organization and feel satisfied in their job. (Centtech; 2011) The centaur organization always had a success; the reason mentioned by the company’s president was the ability of their talented engineers and the free way of working environment in the company. The company decision making is always being simple as it was been done through considering all the employees in democratic voting. The company is always being an advantage and positive for their employees. It empowers its employees by reducing bureaucracy and benefiting them with the home computers, high speed internet, flexibility to set one’s own working hours, fitness facility, breakfast and lunch on the site. The company employees are ensured about their employment as the company is financially stable and well established. (Centtech; 2011) The centaur company founder and president Mr. Glenn Henry’s plan was to reduce the gap between the employee and owner, this will help the owner and employee to know each other needs and expectation very closely which has lead in the company success. These also help them to reduce the problem and misunderstanding. This gave all employees an equal say in running the organization, and it was also supported by the fact that all the employees were the co-owner of the organization. Every employee was offered a stake after the completion of six month on the job, while the majority of the stakes was retained by the owner. This gave employees a feeling of owning an organization and making the appropriate decision favoring company which also lead to the success. (Centtech; 2011) 4. Reason which lead to the success of Centaur Company There are various advantages of this hierarchy model which has proven a success to the centaur company. Everybody is equally involved as they want to be, nobody is underestimated by thinking that the decision was being made over their head. As every employee is involve in decision making, they take the task responsibly which result in great job and the success to the company. For example in the centaur company decision was been made to develop and produce the new chip-set compact processor, every employee act ery responsibly in their task because they were being the part of decision making and the respective job is taken by the respective employee in their own interest and not burden on them. This results in better and faster outcome which lead to success of the business. Motivation of the employee is also one of the advantages which made the centaur company successful. At Centaur Company the employees are insanely motivated as they are considered co-owner, they just don’t work there they make the things happen in every task and successful running of the operation. Implementing decision is also an advantage of this model as the employees are involved in making decision it becomes much easier for the owner in implementing them. (LA Business Journal 2000) 4. 3 Reason that might lead to the failure of the centaur company As there are always two end, there are the disadvantages of this hierarchy model as well that needs to be considered by the company or it might lead to failure of the business. The founder and president of the centaur company Mr. Glenn Henry had always considered the disadvantages of this model before starting this company. He always put the positive things forward and overcame the disadvantage of this model which might have lead in failure of the business. Time factor is one of the advantages of this model, it might take some time to arrive on a decision as there is lot of people involve. To overcome this time factor president of the centaur company has given the power of leadership to every employee to make a decision which require instant action in this case every employee think of benefiting the company as they are considered to be the co-owners while in major decision making there is always a dead line which is done in consideration of every employee vote. The control of funds and resources is also a disadvantages of this model, as there are no proper managers keeping the control of the funds this might result in lost track on funds and failure of the business, to overcome this president of centaur company have made the accounts transparent where every employee can update and review the funds and budget which will help to be control by every employee. (Peter F. Drucker; 2007) In august 2002 the centaur company was being purchased by the VIA technologies. 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